See dreven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dreave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drefe"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drǣfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drǣfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*draibijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *draibijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draibijaną",
"t": "to pursue, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draibijaną (“to pursue, drive”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "driven",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "driven + -en",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English drǣfan, from Proto-West Germanic *draibijan, from Proto-Germanic *draibijaną (“to pursue, drive”); equivalent to driven + -en. Partly mingled with Etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drevende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dreven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drev"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to drive, pursue"
],
"id": "en-dreven-enm-verb-pdgzgydx",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to attack"
],
"id": "en-dreven-enm-verb-wyu9OoFU",
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to trouble, vex"
],
"id": "en-dreven-enm-verb-HRz6-5xT",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"vex",
"vex"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to flow"
],
"id": "en-dreven-enm-verb-U7EY147G",
"links": [
[
"flow",
"flow"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dreven"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dreve"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drēfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drōbijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drōbijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drōbijaną",
"t": "to disturb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drof",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "drof + -en",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English drēfan, from Proto-West Germanic *drōbijan, from Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb”); equivalent to drof + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drevende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dreven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drev"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to trouble, vex, frighten"
],
"id": "en-dreven-enm-verb-HOEWAvZ0",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"vex",
"vex"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to worry, disturb"
],
"id": "en-dreven-enm-verb-f7BiDbw~",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dreven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dreave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drefe"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drǣfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drǣfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*draibijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *draibijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draibijaną",
"t": "to pursue, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draibijaną (“to pursue, drive”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "driven",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "driven + -en",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English drǣfan, from Proto-West Germanic *draibijan, from Proto-Germanic *draibijaną (“to pursue, drive”); equivalent to driven + -en. Partly mingled with Etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drevende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dreven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drev"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to drive, pursue"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to attack"
],
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to trouble, vex"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"vex",
"vex"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to flow"
],
"links": [
[
"flow",
"flow"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dreven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dreve"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drēfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drōbijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drōbijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drōbijaną",
"t": "to disturb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drof",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "drof + -en",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English drēfan, from Proto-West Germanic *drōbijan, from Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb”); equivalent to drof + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dreveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drevende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydreved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dreven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drev"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to trouble, vex, frighten"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"vex",
"vex"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to worry, disturb"
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dreven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dreven meaning in Middle English (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.